Shakespeare Henry V Free Essays

Henry V Shakespeare Essay After taking a gander at the Lawrence Oliver’s, Kenneth Branch’s and the Henry V great funnies widely, we have an away from of what Henry V was truly similar to. The re-recounting this popular story have indicated that he was a modest, rational pioneer that needs the best for his military. In Lawrence Oliver’s re-production of the celebrated Shakespeare play ‘Henry V, we consider Henry To be as a certain and compelling man. We will compose a custom article test on Shakespeare Henry V or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now All through the discourse we see him shouting as loud as possible. His military gets directly into his discourse which is indicating that he is a powerful individual. This additionally shows he is loved by his military. In Lawrence Oliver’s variant, we see an enormous and wide camera see which shows Henry remaining over the whole English armed force. This view shows us the shear size of the English armed force and Henrys power above them. The troopers are totally wearing sparkling protective layer and the foundation is overall quite bright. It makes the scene more pleasant to take a gander at. During Henrys discourse, his voice remains at an uproarious level. The group gets into his discourse. In Lawrence Oliver’s adaptation we can tell that he is enjoyed all through the English armed force cause the military is tailing him in his discourse. In the wake of taking a gander at Kenneth Branch’s re-make of Henrys acclaimed SST Christian’s day discourse gives us that Henry is a sensible person. In this rendition Branch makes Henry appears to be more separated of his military than he is King. We see this when he descends from his high situation down to the degree of his kindred residents. One strategy Branch utilizes is camera position. We see the camera at the tallness of the military gazing toward Henry. This gives us that Henry is ground-breaking. We see him let his voice let down from a shout to join the siblings. Branch gives us that Henry is an unwavering and sensible individual who thinks about each and every man in his military. In the Classic Comic ‘Henry V, we consider Henry to be a person that’s incredible and an unwavering pioneer. We see Henry driving a unique arrangement of Calvary troopers. He says ‘For we today that sheds his blood with me will be my brother’. We see Henry from a high view to truly show the arrangement of the men on there ponies. We additionally observe that there is a group gazing toward Henry which truly shows the force Henry has. This lassie comic of Henry V truly shows the force Henry has over his military. Subsequent to taking a gander at these three re-recounting the acclaimed story of Henry V ‘s SST Crispin day discourse, I have discovered that Henry is an amazing, preferred, sensible, faithful and respectable man. These three re-recounting this story have demonstrated various strategies to show these attributes of Henry. A few methods utilized are camera stature (how high Henry is over the military), voice projection, shade of attire and the manner in which his military tails him. We consider him to be a man, pioneer and warrior, fighter and The most effective method to refer to Shakespeare Henry V, Papers

The Book Flush Summary :: essays research papers

Flush This happens in the Florida Keys up to Miami. It is put in current time. This story occurs in the mid year. This book is about a family whose father is a visit organization. He used to work with a man name Dusty Muleman. He said that one day he was going to shape another business. He claimed a gambling club vessel that was stopped in Indian Territory. He made an arrangement with the Indians that he could bet on their waters and pay them a piece of the benefit. Since his boat the Coral Queen never left the dock travelers didn't get see wiped out and kept on betting and go through cash. So as to set aside cash he dumps his loss from the holding tanks into the sea around evening time when no one is looking. Noah’s father an individual who goes to bat for the earth sinks his vessel and is placed in prison. Noah and his sister choose to attempt to figure out how to stop him. They converse with their father and he reveals to them that he worked with a man called Lice Pecking. He says the he additionally took a shot at the vessel and he could affirm on the way that Dusty truly dumped his loss into the sea. It turns out he is captured and can't affirm. They meet his significant other Shelly. She reveals to them that she will assist them with halting Dusty’s Casino trick. She reveals to him that she needs to function as a barkeep in Dusty’s Boat. She reveals to them that one night she remains late and sees Dusty dumping the loss from the boat. A couple of days after the fact he goes to a little lake and sees a recreation center officer setting up signs that state the water in the lake is debased from human waste. Since there are numerous pontoons docked in the harbors its difficult to perceive what vessel the waste is really originating from. They at that point get the plan to shading the loss with a splendid color and permit after us leaks out the path of brilliantly hued water will be followed back to dusty’s vessel. They at that point go into a food store and buy 35 containers of Fuchsia color. They at that point disclose to Shelly their arrangement. They reveal to her that Noah will stow away in a crate brimming with rum and hold up till it is gotten and put on the boat he at that point will go into a bathroom and Shelly will attach a faulty sign.

Youve got questions, Ive got answers

You’ve got questions, I’ve got answers I have enough of a questions backlog now that I think its worth dedicating an entry to answering them. Please, if you have questions, feel free to ask! If I cant answer them, Ill tell you so! Drew asked: Could you tell us more about what happens during Orientation? I think I pretty much understand the housing lottery now, but what else happens during Orientation? You know, to refresh my memory, I created a thread on College Confidential asking people what happens during Orientation thats useful and not Dorm Rush, and the only answer I got was from Mollie, jokingly saying You mean theres something other than Dorm Rush? Or something to that effect. Anyway, stuff that I remember The Academic Resource Center holds an event that tells freshmen about different options for their Science Core classes. Its a pretty good event. Theres CityDays, which you should already know about if youre an incoming frosh. You get to spend half a day working on community service projects around Cambridge and Boston. Theres the Presidents Convocation, where you get to hear MITs President Hockfield and the MIT Undergraduate Associations President Andrew Lukmann 07 speak. There are Orientation groups, which are little groups of freshmen led by an upperclassman (all incoming frosh are assigned to one), which often go to non-student-run Orientation activities together, and go out to eat together at least once. Theres the activities midway and the athletics midway, where you can visit booths of different student groups and sports, pick up information, and get your email address put on their mailing lists. Other upperclassmen should add to my list. Anonymous asked: Advice about HASS and HASS-D classes? This is going to vary, because different people have different HASS interests. If possible, Id say take something thats both a HASS-D and a CI-H first term, and kill two birds with one stone. Anonymous asked: A lot of my friends got into great universities, but ended up attending local community colleges because they simply couldnt afford a four-year college (apparently the universities thought otherwise and calculated unrealistically high expected contributions for their families). How can a student of extremely limited resources procure the funds to attend MIT? Could you please discuss the type of jobs available for freshmen (and other students)on campus and other things MIT students do to afford college. Does MIT offer sholarships to students who have demonstrated exceptional academic merit? Thank you. MIT gives only need-based aid, no merit aid. It meets 100% of demonstrated need. However, there are numerous outside organizations that give scholarships for everything from exceptional academic merit to female computer science majors to left-handed people. Try Googling for scholarships, and reading Daniels blog for more info about MIT financial aid. Also, look into the ROTC program for many students, this is a great way to make MIT affordable. Sriram asked: i think u remember me,i sent u comment a month back but i have no replies iam wondering why i think u feel very much harder to accept persons like me outside ur community as a member or as friend or there may be other reasons for u to not even sending a reply ok doesnt matter atleast now can u identify me. please atleast now send me reply from miles away sriram a student from India Sriram, Im not quite sure what you want. If theres something MIT-related that you want to ask or chat about, feel free to contact me. Im certainly not averse to talking with my readers or even making friends with them, though in my opinion it is generally easier to make friends with someone you know in person. Christine asked: Hey Jessie, I have a question for you. How was your experience like with being on crew for a year? Did you like being on a varsity sport? Did it take up more of your time than you wanted? Why did you quit? I guess thats more than one question, but theyre all related. Ill be a freshman next year and am currently on the fence about whether or not I want to do a varsity sport come fall (and yes, crew is one of the options Im pondering). I did like being on crew, but there were other activities I liked more, or was interested in, and I quit because I wanted the extra 15 or so hours a week to pursue those other pursuits. Crew is a great sport to do if you really, really enjoy it and make it a top priority, but if not, its kind of a time sink. In my opinion, of course. I think most of the other varsity sports require a little less of this needs to be your top priority, but they are substantial committments. Erer asked: I noticed in the admissions stats that because of the high number of men who apply (and the low number of women) and the roughly equal numbers of men and women who are admitted that its much easier to go to MIT applying as a female. So I have to as, as a female, are women as well prepared as the boys, to they do as well, do they sign up for science courses or are they thought to be there to fill seats in the humanities courses, are they taken as seriously as the boys, do they graduate in the sciences at the same rate as the boys? Have to ask. While I can understand wondering about the admissions rates, Im kind of astounded that anyone would doubt even for a second that women at MIT sign up for science courses, or think that they are just there to fill seats in humanities courses. Last year, at the undergraduate level, 36% of engineering majors and 51% of science majors at MIT were women (as were 51% of humanities, arts, and social sciences majors, 50% of management majors, and 64% of urban studies and planning majors). I cant find actual numbers, but I think the graduation rates for men and women at MIT are very similar. And female students are very much taken seriously honestly, I see a lot more sexism in the outside world (including among prospective MIT applicants) than I do within the MIT undergraduate community. I think youre overlooking the fact that female applicants to MIT are an extremely self-selected group, which contributes to their higher admissions rate. I believe that Ben has some stats on this. In short, dont worry, people will take you seriously here if you get in. :) Anonymous asks: I read your thread on CC about the problem with just looking at stats. Its a wonderful post, but I have a question. Do you have to get a high score on standerized testings? I love to work. Im a hard worker. But Im not so smart when it comes to these tests. I saw the average scores on Matts Blog. What if youre not in that range? Is it hopeless for you? MIT is my dream, but Im afraid that I wont be considered as a worthy applicant because of my scores. Thank you for taking the time to read this. The funny thing about average scores of a class is that by definition, some percentage of the class is below that average, and most likely, close to half is below that average (Im assuming that average means arithmetic mean here if its the median, than by definition half the class is below the average). If youre really far out of range, you might consider retaking the tests, but for the most part, if your application is strong, weaker test scores than the average accepted MIT student wont hurt you. And, not really a question, but, from Little Miss Demosthenes i noticed you have one comment, but your blog still lists that as comments. ive always been upset with blogs that dont bother adding a few lines of code to separate between 1 and the rest of the postive integers. just trying to rectify a grammar error. actually, i just wanted to make a new friend. Well, hello. Nice to meet you. :) I enjoy seeing that people are actually reading this thing. You’ve got questions, I’ve got answers Wow. You guys asked some hard questions! And a lot of them. No worries though, Ive transcribed here every question someone asked me, (unless they specifically asked I not post about it) and my best answer. If you dont see your question or if you have another one, feel free to email me and Ill get to it when I can. Please put Question about MIT in the subject line (it helps Google sort my mail). Read through, enjoy, and soak up all the trivial goodness that is: QA Are MIT students very stylish or are jeans and a sweatshirt a common outfit? There is a huge variety in what people wear to class and to what extent people care about how they look. (Specifically this number is 5.77 X 10^65, its calculated using an arbitrary combination of color choices and the amount spent on clothing vs. time spent getting ready in the morning. This is known as GQs constant*) Personally, I like fashion, and I usually wear a dress shirt, tie, slacks, and a coat to class. But thats certainly not the norm, but thats the beauty of it. There is no norm. Ive seen people wearing anything from geeky T-shirts, kilts and blue hair, to Hollister hoodies, Ug boots, and expensive jeans. Some people dress like they walked straight out of a clothing ad, and others dress like Mardi Gras vomited all over them. We have an article in our newspaper, The Tech, that talks about fashion guidelines for people interested in that stuff, but Id say that for the most part, people dress how they want to dress, there is very little pressure here to look one way or anoth er. That being said, I think no matter how much you like to look good, there will be at least one pset on one night that will coerce you into going to class the next day in sweatpants and a hoodie..not that I know from experience Are there any abnormally good looking people at MIT? Why yes I am, thank you. Seriously though, there are certainly some people here for whom every gene is apparently made of winning. Not that looking good matters. I was wondering for the question 6 in the part 2 application about the thing we created. Its quite difficult to visualize my invention only by explanation. Is there way I can send along a picture of what I created?? Do I need to contact admission office? If yes who. And for the essays I was wondering if writing humorous essays are not a disadvantage since the humor of every person is not the same especially if Im an international student? As far as I can tell you, the Admissions Office is pretty flexible about sending in supplementary materials if you feel like they help better represent you, just make sure you dont abuse that privilege. So I believe you can send in a picture of your invention, the place to send it would be the same place you send your application. For your essay, Id say write what feels natural, I cracked a few jokes in my essay and it turned out fine for me, but above all your writing should feel natural to you. If you dont normally write in a humorous manner, it may seem akward and forced, which is not how you want to appear. So the short answer is, writing a humorous essay in and of itself is not bad. If thats how you feel confident, go for it. When the cosmic battle of Catnarok takes place, who will winLongcat or Tacgnol? Definitely Tacgnol. Unless the battle takes place in a mirror, then who knows. Ceiling Cat will have to sort it out. I noticed that you are a Course 15 student. I applied EA and also want to do Course 15. I was wondering what are your favorite things about Sloan and why? To clarify, you dont actually declare a major until the end of your Freshman year. Thats partially because the large majority of freshmen will take classes that fulfill whats known as the GIRs (General Institute Requirements). The GIRs are foundation classes like Calculus, Physics, Chem, Biology etc. Ive been working hard to try and get all (or most) of my GIRs out of the way so I havent taken any strictly Course 15 (Business Management) yet. Is there anything close to a major or serious study about nanotechonology? Im really fasicanted by it and I think thats what I want to study and later do in life. Is there a majore for it? Minor? Any courses in nanotechnology? I dont think there is a specific major in nanotechnology, just because nanotech is a very diverse field. That being said we do have Nanomaterials Labratory that I believe is used by people in Course 3 (Materials Science and Engineering). Materials Science may be something youd be interested in, though really you could find applications to nanotechnology in any field you go into. Hows the humanities side of MIT? And are MIT students into politics/current events? (not worded as a question but) I hear the food is awful. 1. Humanities are awesome, I absolutely love my Intro to World Music class. Its a welcome change from the continuous stream of math and differentials in the rest of my classes. People have mixed feelings about the humanities courses and your requirement to take them, but thats more because of a personal opinion on humanities than it is the quality of the courses. 2. Some students are into Politics, some think McCain is what old people use to help them walk. I havent met too many people who are super-interested in politics, but thats not to say they dont exist. Its interesting the number of people who try and find a newspaper to subscribe to, or a podcast to watch to stay in touch with current events, because MIT is like an entire world to itself, its easy to lose touch with the real world if youre not careful. 3. I dont think its fair to say that the food is awful. There have definitely been things Ive eaten from the Dining Hall that I swear had already been eaten before, but there are also some things that are really delicious (*cough* Chicken Quesadilla *cough*) Besides, if you dont like the food from the cafeterias, there are a whole plethora of other options available to you, from delivery, to *gasp* cooking for yourself. And if you dont like the food you cook yourself, take it up with the chef. Haha, 6 is the answer to the admissions formula? Did you have some supercomputer figure that out for youperhaps with the name Deep Thought? Hey Chris, have you never seen Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy?? The ulimate answer to the universe is 42, not 6! I put those two questions together because they were similar. Yes I have READ Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy, and undeniably the ultimate answer to the universe is 42. BUT! MIT is but one part of universe, thus it follows that it is one part of 42, one factor. As it turns out if you divide 42, the ultimate answer to the universe, by 7, the luckiest number, you get the answer to the ultimate, luckiest, place in the universe!** I was wondering if you would know the details on how you start a project to enter into an Intel fair? Do I just start randomly or do I work with another teacher to help me? I unfortunately have no idea as Ive only been impressed by projects from the Intel fair, not actually done any myself. Their official website may be able to help though, and lucky for you all you have to do is click here. everyone hears about MIT hacks, but what are some of the non-hack institutional charm elements you like? Just wondering what quirks about MIT you personally like aside from hacks. My favorite part about MIT is without a doubt the people. You get here, and at first nothing seems unusual, youre talking with people about the olympics, or TV or whatever, and then someone busts a calculus joke, and then the really surprising part happens. EVERYONE LAUGHS! At that moment, you realize that the people around you are a lot like you, there is a huge fundamental common interest among students. Sure there are people you meet who you dont like, and there are people who dont like you, but as a whole the MIT community is whats most charming to me. I also really love everyones passion, pretty much everyone is the best at something they do, and seeing those people in their elements is awesome, its humbling and inspiring to see your friends fly planes, play cellos, work on cars, design clothes, paint pictures, and write programs. MIT is a hotbed for talented individuals who are capable of producing some incredible work. how would i go about describing my passion in a way MIT admissions will understand? MIT is vastly diverse, and prides itself on being an open-minded community. That being said, I feel like essentially any medium you choose to express yourself with will be accepted. Ive known people who have made videos, wrote computer programs, put together powerpoint presentations etc. There is some fine print to that freedom though, namely you have the responsibility not to abuse it. Dont make a 80 minute documentary about yourself, and certainly dont feel like you have to do something supplementary to the application. Most of the people accepted are those who just filled out the accepted applications. For the extra space provided at the end of the application (pt 2), can we just write about an experience without explaining what were writing about at first, leaving it up to the admissions officers to read through to figure it out? Thats really a judgment call to make yourself, as long as the unorthodox format of your essay adds something to the story and doesnt take away from the readers ability to understand, I say go for it. Life favors the bold. I would like to know how classes taken as a senior affect admissions. If I applied ea, wouldnt I know if I got accepted before I know my final grades? You my friend have stumbled upon the conundrum that is the leading cause of Senioritis. You are correct, you would know the status of your acceptance before your final grades, but there is a tricky caveat known as the Mid-Year Grade Report as well as the Final Grade Report. These reports are mailed to MIT and include your grades even after youve been accepted. If all of a sudden you start doing poorly in classes, MIT can rescind your offer of admissions.(In fact, many colleges have similar policies, so no way youre getting around that). In short the answer to your question is yes, but theyre onto you. I understand what you said about not everyone being happy at MIT etc, but what can I do to get my mind off things! Any suggestions? Go camping, see a movie, have a picnic, eat lunch with someone new, play an instrument (even if youve had no training whatsoever, youre playing for yourself, not for an audience). Soak up the town and culture you live in, because regardless of where you end up going to school, it will be different than where you are right now. Eat at local restaurants, go to quirky small museums. Stop in at a hotel and go to the visitors booth to find all the cool things around where you live that you never do because you live there. Act like a tourist. Photograph everything. Listen to new music Build something (this is my favorite site for finding cool fun projects). Most of all enjoy this time of your life, senior year post college applications is an amazing, unique period of your life that youd do well to take advantage of. do you think I can send some certificates depicting that I won/participated in a regional science camp? You certainly can, though it may not be necessary. Just listing your involvement in the activities you got awards for in the appropriate section of your application is enough for the Admissions office, they believe you. How do you get to be so cool? In the interest of homeostasis, I cant really say Im that cool, but I can give you other more meaningful questions to ponder: If a tree falls on a mime in the forest, what was he doing there? Why do you drive on a parkway and park on a driveway? Why are the alphabet letters arranged the way they are? Why does a house burn up until it burns down? The world may never know. *GQs constant has a related formula in which fashion is directly proportional to time and money, and inversely proportional to the square of homework. it is F= G[($T)]/H^2 Where $ is in dollars, T is in hours, and H is in number of sheets. The units, Dollar-hours per sheet, are known by their S.I. unit Style. **Ask me if I still agree with this during finals week.

The Causes For Parmalat Scandale Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3759 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? The Parmalat scandal of January 2004 had caused chaos around the world. Not only did the empire collapse and the CEO Calisto Tanzi had been jailed, but several major players of international finance came under scrutiny. The securities exchange commission considers the Parmalat scandal as one of the biggest and extremely audacious associated financial trickery or deception in the record. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Causes For Parmalat Scandale Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The scandal followed the Enron and WorldCom scams which offered a good opportunity to juxtapose the collapse on both sides of the territory. Often dubbed as Europes Enron, theParmalat scandal had created a benchmark for the most eminent problem associated with the continental European governance, where a controlling shareholder exploits the company instead of managing it. The governor of Parmalat had a hint of deficient, whereas Enron was well-structured. Ironically, Parmalat was enjoying the benefits of a good investment grade credit rating which helped them to raise money from the investors. This highlights the loophole which was persistent in the capital markets because it was unable to take the governance flaws of the company into consideration. On the other hand it can be said that the markets depreciated the apprehend speculative and have boosted too much on the auditors. As in all financial collapses, our attention is turned towards the gatekeepers who are responsible for s uch mayhems. The two of the biggest auditing firms, Grant Thornton International and Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu were unable to detect the frauds. The international banks which top certainly has also alleged regarding the Parmalat executives in developing the perplex transactions which is required to keep the transparent picture of the company in the dark. Professor John Coffee indicated with reference to the Enron scandal, out that the Parmalat scandal is up till now one more example of the allied administration inadequacy of undaunted auditors. THE CAUSES FOR PARMALAT SCANDALE The most distinctive feature of the company was their recurring high levels of cash and debt. Its policy of disclosure was also pronounced by the indifferent and arrogant type of approach by the management towards its analysts and investors. Nevertheless, Parmalat was not considered a faith stock. In October 2002, the association made a bond copy of 150 million and immediately after the month another copy value Euros 200 million. These issues alerted the market as Morgan Stanley Ltd. Merely as book runners. The arrogance of management of Parmalat was a regular highlight for numerous reports. A Merrill Lynch report analyst address that the key issue which reversed everyones attention is why the group continues to approach the market for proportionately small, yet often quite circuitous debt issues, even after its cash pile persist to rise. In March 2003, Assogestioni, an Italian asset management association wrote a letter to Parmalat condemning the lack of transparency of the group. Mr. Tanzi organized a meeting in Milan the very next month announcing that the group CFO, Mr. The tone had resigned for their new CFO Mr. Ferraris. This announcement made a positive impact on the markets and the stock prices soared. Mr. Ferraris had assured that the group would now use its cash reserves to pay off its debts. However, it was discovered in June that the group had privately placed a new bond wholly signed by Nextra, the asset manager of the BancaIntesa group. The money involved in the pending bonds was still unknown. When questioned, Parmalat told in its defense that it had bought back some of its own bonds, though the numbers did not match. Consob, the Italian watchdog began to put more pressure on the group forcing them to be more explicit. But at this stage any further communication seemed it have raised more problems than solving tithe watchdog was also keeping an eye on Parmalats statutory and external auditors, Delloite. On the 31st October Consob address to Parmalat, its statutory auditors and their external auditors requesting for abounding erudition. In the intervening time, the endurance of an unreported agreement between its Swiss subsidiary and a Citigroup complemented company Buconero came into light. This news created a major uproar in the market. On 8th December 2003, Parmalat expands the news in the market that its open ended mutual fund agency Epicurum was not having the talent to liquidate Parmalats interest. The same day a bond was maturing on the group and Parmalat declared that it could not pay that as well. This had an impact in Standard and Poor to grade downwardly to bonds of Parmalat and ultimately to status of junk bond. The succeeding day resulted in Mr. Tanzi addition in private that the records of the company were not true and ultimately could dispose of the company to the investors of America. Consob also inquired Grant Thornton to look into if whether Parmalats account at Bank of America was not fake. The ban k incurred and approved that it was not. On the other hand the management of the group finished the destruction of all the documents and hardware which contained evidence of the fraud. Criminal investigation started and on 23rdDecember 2003, Parmalat Spa was announced financially ruined. The same day Mr. Tanzi was put behind the bars. Parmalat revealed certain prominent features which are in correlation with firms facing catastrophic financial failures; massive growth, questionable accounting and accountants, inefficient performance, political networks, a dominating shareholder, complicated organization structure and functioning mystery. RESPONSE OF CIVIL AND POLITICAL BODIES The Parmalat scandal called in for an array of civil litigation from the European Union and others as well. In January 2004, the US class commotion barrister brought legal charges against an assortment of accused between which were Tanzi, Tonna, Zinni and the auditors (The Parmalat scandal | World Finance. 2012.ÂÂ  The Parmalat scandal | World Finance. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.worldfinance.com/home/special-reports-home/the-parmalat-scandal. [Accessed 20 August 2012].). The Commissioner in charge of Parmalat agreed to abide by the extensive provisions relating to corporate governance and shareholder participation as well as cooperating with the SEC investigation. In August 2004, Parmalats Commissioner brought legal charges against US Grant Thornton US and Italy, the Swiss Association of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, and constituent and associated corporation (The Parmalat scandal | World Finance. 2012.ÂÂ  The Parmalat scandal | World Finance. [ONLINE] Available at: h ttps://www.worldfinance.com/home/special-reports-home/the-parmalat-scandal. [Accessed 20 August 2012].). The commission alleged that their audit services were part of core issue and being members of the network they are to be held liable for the damages as agents. He also added that both of them failed to properly audit the company and its transactions. The commissioner further took action against the Citibank and Bank of America. In Italy near about 7000 financier assembled in as civic petitioner. This was an unprecedented number in Italy and it highlighted the differences pertaining between class action mechanisms and individual participation in legal proceedings. The scandal became a political debate on the grounds of distribution of powers amongst the Italian supervisors. The Bank of Italy was attacked and criticized for not being able to discover the true picture of the information provided by Parmalat. The Parliament established a joint committee to analyze the Parmalat sca ndal and also for drafting a new law relating to the capital markets. After a year, no legislation has been produced. The debate concerning the distribution of powers between Consob and Bank of Italy was still ongoing. A parallel issue in the Parmalat scandal was the political debate regarding class actions, as it was noticed that investors took action in the US whereas in Italy nothing happened until the criminal trial in Milan had commenced. It continues without defining that the mechanism of class action is understandable to provide with an answer to the actions of investor that had been developed in the United States. But the same cannot explain why also Parmalat acted on the US and did not consider fighting against the Grant Thornton, Deloitte, Citigroup and Bank of America in its local jurisdiction. Hence, it can be seen that Italian political debate is misconstrued and will not lead to any significant advance in solving the problems relating to Italian civil justice. WEAK CORPORATE GOVERNANCE The Corporate Governments Code approval has had a transmutation to BorsaItaliana in 1999 which has approve the responsibility of assignment of administrator which was liberated in status. But the concept was loosely defined and frequently misunderstood in practice. Parmalat stated that four out of its thirteen directors were independent but never mentioned their names until 2002. It was evident that the non-executive directors of Parmalat had never supervised managers. They accepted procedures which were inadequate. The structure of the company has always had a requirement of a great amount of hard work and understanding of financial matters. But they were not interested in going into the details of the business. The fact is that Italy has no prominent cases of lawsuits against the directors of a solvent company. They face law suits only from bankruptcy receivers. Hence, unless the company goes bankrupt, there is nothing the directors should be afraid of. Since the 1st half of 1 999, Grant Thornton has been Parmalats auditor (The Parmalat scandal | World Finance. 2012.ÂÂ  The Parmalat scandal | World Finance. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.worldfinance.com/home/special-reports-home/the-parmalat-scandal. [Accessed 20 August 2012].). As per the Italian law, the auditors are assigned for 3 years and later can be re- instated twice. After 9 years they had to beaccmodated. It was a problem for both, GT and the company if the new audit firm would discover the true picture of its frauds related to its offshore entities. Moreover, the auditors are often appointed by directors recommendations. They might be the ones who have worked with them before. In such scenarios the auditor ends up being just a consultant instead of having a Scrutinizers attitude. The Italian appendage organization Deloitte Touche Spa. Was assigned responsibility as Parmalatsbasic auditor in 1999 (The Parmalat scandal | World Finance. 2012.ÂÂ  The Parmalat scandal | World Finan ce. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.worldfinance.com/home/special-reports-home/the-parmalat-scandal. [Accessed 20 August 2012].). It was already involved in consulting services to Parmalat. It was known that a controversial transaction of Parmalat involving its main Brazilian unit was made by Deloittes corporate finance team. The relation of Deloittes and Parmalat raised some eyebrows and comparisons with the Enron scandal. A Brazilian auditor who was not satisfied with the information given by the parent company was removed from the Parmalataccount. The company had also statutory auditors. They perform basically 2 functions: the company compliance with laws and relevant statutes and to monitor the management of the company with regards to sound management structure and technique. But here again, their role is influenced by the controlling shareholders who appoint them. The CFSA wanted the listed companies to incorporate clauses in their articles to include minority shareholders for appointment of the statutory auditors. But this was criticized by a few on the basis that the minority shareholders had no right to take such major decisions of the company and they just want to have an insight into the relevant insider information of the company. However, Parmalatacknowledged the splinter group stockholder to have 3% of the voting rights to assign responsibility of the statutory auditor. In 1999, they were advantageous in nominating the auditor to the board. But at the end of her 3 year term, the audit firm decided that they were not ready for a reappointment. This declaration was an alarm signal for the market players. Many funds sold off their Parmalat shares and thus at the next general meeting of 2002, the institutional investors (minority shareholders) were not able to meet the minimum threshold and thereby not able to appoint the statutory auditor for the minority shareholders. We have discussed that there are times when the statutory auditors are c onsidered unreliable gatekeepers as they are influenced by controlling shareholders and as a result of which they are often complacent and not investigating correctly. But along with this, there are more reasons that make the Italian corporate governance structure peculiar. Firstly, the auditors who were statutory in nature did not actually seem to fit the incentives of the market as on account of the role of gatekeeper. Secondly, the Consob relies heavily on the findings of the statutory auditors. Since Consob considers the auditors its eyes and ears the wrong findings and deviations are not scrutinized and it consequently results in eroding quality of public enforcement. A different role must be assigned to the Securities Commission on a proactive basis. There must be limits reliance on the statutory auditors. In fact they should be under stringent scrutiny by Consob to evaluate their performance of their monitoring duties. CHANGES OR REACTION OF EU REGULATIONS AFTER THE SCANDAL The Parmalat affair like the Enron and WorldCom affair has sent a shudder through the world of international finance and raised a plethora of questions on corporate governance, regulations and supervisions. The response of the European Union to the Parmalat fraud has been massive. It is receiving the most urgent scrutiny of those times. The four most important avenues of scrutiny are as follows: Wide ranges policies- There is a wide range of policies which will materialize to improve the matters in the future. The Financial Services Action Plan accommodates amplitude like the Market Abuse Directive and Prospectus Directives which are in the application level. Measures like the Investment Services Directive was also adopted which ensured that the investors enjoy a high level of protection while transacting with investment firms in Europe. IAS and Financial reporting- The commission followed a principle-based approach in financial reporting which would reflect the economic real ity and give a true and fair view of the financial position and performance of the company. The application of IAS embellishes the acknowledgment of necessities along with the Transparency Directive. All these measures enhanced the power of the concerned authorities to act and take decisions. Audit change- The impact of the Parmalet scandal has been signed on the auditors and accountants without a doubt. Control on auditors has been constricted and only the four major firms remain which audits 95% of the FTSE 300. The Commission also checked their corporate governance and statutory audit strategies. The proposals look forward to independent oversight, strengthened inspection, stronger ethical and educational principles as well as high quality audit standards. The areas of corporate governance which are which worked on being- the role of non-executive directors, directors responsibility for company accounts and full disclosure in the company accounts of offshore Special Purpose Ve hicles. Company Law and Changes in Corporate Governance- In May 2003, in the EU, the commission presented and action plan on Regenerating Company Law and Enhancing Corporate Governance. It generally strives for enhancing the rights of shareholder and ultimately enhancing the efficiency level and level of competition of business and forcing again to protect the employees and the companys creditors. Transparency and Disclosure- The two components namely transparency and disclosure helps to develop a link between the internal and external governance of corporations. External auditors play an important role in transparency and disclosure. They must be competent and independent and must be able to prevent disagreement if required Whether these changes were in place earlier? No, these changes were not in place earlier because if these changes had been done, there would have been no mishap or scandal from big companies. Loopholes were filled in by creating certain regulations and enacting various laws. The companies were taking enough advantage of various loopholes left open for the company to take advantage and further defaulting the stakeholders for whom actually the company is working for. The scandals were upcoming day by day, and further leading to the crash of hopes for the stakeholders to believe in the company and having a big question regarding the transparency working of the companies. The stakeholders were further revived the hope of pure transparency in the working of the business activities by enacting regulations on the company. Further changes in the regulations of the EU did not buy complete changes in order to prevent such scandals, because no regulation in the world can prevent loopholes and further any loophole in the regulations woul d lead to passage for the companies to take advantage and disrupt the economy of the company by scandals and fraud. Transparency is considered a central pillar for the stakeholders and also for better corporate governance. An enhancement in the disclosure and the transparency are very significant for better management of risk as part of corporate governance. The notion of transparency that initiates a truth claim helps to reflect the latest value regarding the information culture in general and more specifically in an increasingly global environment of business. Generic principles of governance are translated into contextually sensitive practices of better enhanced disclosure of institutions and increased individual practices which could substantially reduce, though not completely eliminate, the likelihood of crisis and scandals by big corporations. RISKS WHICH ARE REDUCED AFTER CHANGES IN EU REGULATIONS Rights regarding information- The shareholders who are minor in nature of the company have been included with a right of detecting the opportunistic behavior by the controlling shareholders. The major source of information of public is has always been the publication of the financial disclosure of the company and its audited financial report. Minority shareholders now do have the rights to gather public as well as private informations. In the states of Europe, the public company is required to issue the annual reports under the provision of law. The Fourth Directive is comprehensive of a specified necessity in regards to the development of financial statements and the annual report. Disclosure of Related Party Transactions: The managing of the EU is sufficient of transparence in transactions for the companies which are listed under the national code and also on the stock exchange. In regards of the disclosure of related party transactions regardless of transactions between the h olding and subsidiary company, it has been regulated that a company has to disclose the name of the parent and if different, the ultimate party who is controlling. If the companys subsidiary creeps the financial statement for the public at large, the initial of the senior holding or parent company that does should also be produced. Such disclosure should be enacted with the proper amount of transaction, sum of outstanding figures, balances for an understanding of potential effects of the transaction in the financial statement. Transparency of Special Purpose Entities- the special purpose entities at times is provided by various intermediaries related to financial service and companies to facilitate the transactions of arm length. As earlier stated, that Parmalat and the CEO FaustoTonna utilized an array of off balance sheet arrangement in order to artificially inflate the assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The complex transactions which were initially designed by the execu tive of Parmalat ensure that investor would have less accurate and timely information in order to assess the performance of the company. To the extent the regulations have an impact on a company, it should be transparent that the latest measures will likely result to generate more difficulties for group of companies, such as Parmalat. The structure of Internal Governance- after the fallout from the audit scandals, the need for stronger board has been a significant objective in the discussions of corporate governance. The role of management classes has been resurfaced as a significant issue in the debate on policy. Directors which are outside directors are sensibly claimed as an indispensable portion of better corporate governance. For purpose of description, the Sarbanes Oxley Act, 2002 have included with the meaning of the supplies of independence of directors only for the committee of audit. The risk always hovers around the corporate world, as there are always certain looph oles left along the amendments of the regulations. There is no possible way to cover the loopholes because a complete strict structure could lead to an obstruction for the day to day working of the business and further prevent the free working of the companies. The present risk which might be is the transparency of the working of the business is not completely disclosed to the shareholders and also there are certain mishaps which the company might do and ultimately fraud the shareholders regarding the working of the company. EU REGULATION AND POLICIES BEFORE THE SCANDAL. Regulations are the frequent primary arrangements of EU law as soon as they are depart; they have securing permissible force all through every Member State, on a par with national laws. National governments will not need to take any legal process themselves to appliance EU regulations. In the EU, Member States have abandon articulation of their national sovereignty to EU organization, with abundant accommodation made and final ascendancy exist at the EU level. For an example, EU is the only one which may constitute or enact and accept in accordance with the law compelling acts contemplating the custom union, the ordinary commercial policy, competition rules, and monetary policy for countries which use the euro currency. The EU also equivalent financial and avocation policy and an ordinary foreign and security policy PROBLEMS IN THE EU REGULATIONS AND GOVERNANCE STRUTURES. The main problem regarding the EU governance and regulation structure has been the decision, frame work decisions, and the proposals regarding the framework of the governance structure. CONCLUSION The Parmalat scandal had yet again made the world question the authenticity and code of conduct of the listed companies all around the world. It is a moot as to who should be blamed first; the company who created such a fraud or the auditing firm who kept watching the mayhem quietly. The scandal also raises fingers on the weak regulations of the Italian government. The problem was that there was no serious effort to properly reshape the enforcement. The ultimatum is under enforcement. Europes non friendly behavior towards the private enforcement of various interests has to be considered again. Even if laws and regulations are made relating to functions of a company, they are not followed up by the government. Hence, the government must set up separate bodies which see to the running of these companies and take action whenever there are negative deviations from the normal course of business. They may even include themselves for appointment of the auditors or directors of the comp any. But ultimately all depends on the corporate bodies. They need to abide by the code of conduct and work in the best interest of its stakeholders. This is because it is a well-known fact that no matter how big or successful a company is, if its roots are made from fraud and irregularities it will perish one day or the other. The Parmalat scandal just adds on to this list after Enron and WorldCom.

The Day That Changed Everything - 2028 Words

On Easter Sunday we celebrate the most long-awaited and glorious event in the history of the world. It is the day that changed everything. On that day, my life changed. Your life changed. The destiny of all God’s children changed. On that blessed day, the Savior of mankind, who had taken upon Himself the chains of sin and death that held us captive, burst those chains and set us free. Because of the sacrifice of our beloved Redeemer, death has no sting, the grave has no victory,1 Satan has no lasting power, and we are â€Å"begotten †¦ again unto a lively hope by the resurrection of Jesus Christ.†2 Truly, the Apostle Paul was correct when he said we can â€Å"comfort one another with these words.†3 God’s Grace We often speak of the Savior’s Atonement—and rightly so! In Jacob’s words, â€Å"Why not speak of the atonement of Christ, and attain to a perfect knowledge of him?†4 But as â€Å"we talk of Christ, †¦ rejoice in Christ, †¦ preach of Christ, [and] prophesy of Christ†5 at every opportunity, we must never lose our sense of awe and profound gratitude for the eternal sacrifice of the Son of God. The Savior’s Atonement cannot become commonplace in our teaching, in our conversation, or in our hearts. 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Specific Population and Advocate Role Free Essays

Advocates usually argue or may plead in the favor of something of good cause such as a policy or act of support. The human service field has advocates who advocate for clients to make decisions for institutions, social systems, and economics. It is based on moral, faith or ethical principles to protect the interest of others. We will write a custom essay sample on Specific Population and Advocate Role or any similar topic only for you Order Now Advocacy helps individuals make a change in society. There are many types of social justice advocacy. The specific population of advocacy of interest would be teens with bipolar disabilities. Understanding Bipolar Disorders Bipolar disorders are lifelong conditions which effects how teens act and the way they feel. It is a mood disorder that effects how teens act and the way they may feel. It is better when family members and close associates understand the symptoms of the disorder. It is a mood disorder that effects the emotions and thoughts. This disorder causes depression and manic highs. One minute someone with this disability may feel great and change suddenly to feeling gloomy.There are medications that can help someone manage his or her life better. Relatives and friends should understand that this illness leads to severe mood swings. Teenagers with bipolar disorder can be effectively treated. Treatment for bipolar disorder usually includes education of the patient and the family about the illness, mood stabilizing medications such as lithium and valproic acid, and psychotherapy. Mood stabilizing medications often reduce the number and severity of manic episodes, and also help to prevent depression (Family Resources, 2001).This can lead to conflicts with anyone that the teen comes in contact with any time of the day. There is actually no cure for this disorder, so treatment is the next best thing. Ways to Assist with Problem The advocate can assist the teen in many ways. The advocate must understand that the client has a chemical imbalance in the brain. Medicines are supposed to correct the imbalances in the brain which helps to improve the symptoms. The advocate’s job is to help the teen connect with different resources in the community.Advocacy helps to generate a youth response by educating the community regarding behavioral health and allowing them to change their perceptions towards people who suffer from the disease, therefore reducing the stigma placed upon people with behavioral needs (Office of Prevention Program, 2008). These resources will usually be beneficial to teens in need of help. The advocate will help the client to make better decisions when going through the overwhelming challenges. One way to advocate for a teen with bipolar is to give resources, support and trainings. Teens should be informed about making positive decisions when it comes to sex and parenting. The teen can be supported by the advocate by safely getting the proper services for the teen with consent to treat. The teen needs to understand the risks involved in making wrong decisions.References Bipolar Disorder Manic Depressive Illness in Teens, All Family Resources, (2001). Retrieved August 23, 2010, from www. familymanagement . com OFFICE OF PREVENTION PROGRAMS, TEEN ADVOCACY COALITION HOSTS ANTI-STIGMA CAMPAIGN. (2008). Retrieved August 23, 2010, from Research Library. How to cite Specific Population and Advocate Role, Papers

As We All Filled Up The Large Room To Watch The The Interview You Coul Essay Example For Students

As We All Filled Up The Large Room To Watch The The Interview You Coul Essay d see that everyonewas anxious and excited. It took at least twenty minitues for everyone to setlle down a bequiet. Even then you could feel it in you that this would be a very good thing and maybeeven see someone famous. The interviewer stepped out onto the stage and told evryonewho was coming in first. The Interviewer has chosen to speak to a oridanry man witch owns a tavern in theoutskirt of Boston. ? What kind of hardships did you go through during the Revolutionarywar.? the interviewer said. Well During the period of time during the revolution therewere many things that went wrong. In the begginging it didnt seem so bad but as timewent by it got worse. Prices for goods went up so whenever you sold something youwouldnt be able to make a profit because the price would go up more. Half the time theContinentals only paid in commisionary chacks witch were only good if they won the warwitch at the time seemed scarce. Also during the winter when there would be snow it ishard to make money unless troops are camped by. Even then you lost something. Yourcatlle if the men were hungry they would butcher your cows and just take the meat. It washard back then it was hard!The next person that came up was Mr. George Washington. The Interviewer askedone question and that was all. ? What were the worst times of the war?she asked. Well Iwould have to say during the winter of 1777 and 1778 in Valley Forge. ?it was hard onthe men he said, men without clothes to cover their naked bodys, no blankets, withoutshoes, and in the begginging there was no huts or cabins to sleep in so the were forced tosleep on the earth or snow.? There were no fights but it was still the hardest victory toover come~Living. Mr. Washington proved that valley forge was not a place to rest forthe winter but to try to survive. He left without saying a word. The Final and last interview was with Thomas Jefferson. It was to be based on TheDeclaration of Independence. Tomas Jefferson a yougn delgate took part in writing thedeclaration of Independence. He and five other men finished the wirting July 4, 1776,which no is a national holiday called Indepence Day. It made the american states free andindependent. It stated that all men were created equal andthat they are endowed by theircreator without certain unalienable rights, that among these are lifes, liberty, and thepursuit of happiness. The three parts of the Declaration were spit into Basic Rights,British, Wrongs, and An Independent Nation. The most important An IndependentNation. It gave us the name The United States Of America.

Camping Vs. Resort free essay sample

Every year millions of families take a family vacation to get away from reality and be able to relax. Some families like to go camping out in the wilderness, while others go to a fancy five-star resort. Both camping and vacationing at a resort can be fun and relaxing, but there are many differences of the two, such as, the amount of effort to set up and get prepared, the comfort level, and the surroundings. When camping in the wilderness, most people need to set up their camp grounds, for instance they will need to set up tents and gather wood to make a fire. Another thing they will need to do is prepare food. The family will either have to bring their own food or go hunting for their food. Some people actually enjoy hunting and do not mind cooking, so for them it is part of the vacation experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Camping Vs. Resort or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Setting up camp may take time and patience, where on the other hand, vacationing at a resort, there are maids and room service to do everything, so no one has to put in any effort while they are on their relaxing vacation. The people who stay at a resort will not have to worry about setting up a tent because there are maids who come every morning to make the beds and clean the room for the guest. Guest also do not have to pack food and cook for their family if they do not want to; they can just go to one of the ten restaurants in and around the resort. However, more important to the vacationers is the comfort level of where they will be staying. Whether someone is camping in an RV or just in a tent, the comfort level is not very high. There will not be any comfy beds to sleep on and in some cases there won’t even be a shower or a toilet. Another uncomfortable thing to worry about when camping is air condition. Unless someone has a high-tech RV (which is not real camping) there won’t be any air condition and it can become very hot and humid out in the wilderness. Also when camping there are inevitably going to be bugs and wild animals around. People going camping have to be careful not to leave food out in the open unless they want an unexpected visitor eating their food and they will need to be careful of poisonous plants like poison ivy, which can make the rest of the vacation very distressing. Unlike camping, a five-star resort has everything to make it more than comfortable for the guest. Most five-star resorts have at least two queen size beds, a pull-out couch, and a few comfy chairs to sit in. Some resorts even have a kitchen and refrigerator for the guest. At every resort there is at least one shower in a suite and there is even mini shampoos and soaps, so the guest do not have to bring their own. Most importantly, there is air conditioning and the guest can change the room temperature to their liking. To some people it is not just about the comfort level of a vacation spot but the surroundings. Most people go on a vacation to get away from reality for a while as there is usually not many other people around and there is poor or no cell phone and wireless service. That could be a very relaxing to some people, but if something bad happens, like an emergency, no one is around to help. Another thing is that there is no other attractions around for miles. If the kids get bored or if anyone needs anything from the store, they will have to drive out of the way to town. In contrast, a five-star resort has other guest on vacation at the resort trying to relax and have a good time. There is also cell phone and wireless service so the guest can stay in touch with their family members and the world. Also, if a guest just wants to get away from the stressful work environment, they can go to a relaxing resort with a beautiful view and still be able to do some work (but not too much). In addition, a resort usually has different kinds of attractions in and around the resort, like theme-parks, pools, spas, and site-seeing. There is always something to do when staying at a resort. Where ever a family decides to go for a vacation, whether it is camping in the wilderness or staying at a five-star resort, there is no doubt they are both relaxing and fun for the family, but there are many differences of the two. The amount of effort that goes into setting up and to get prepared, the comfort level, and the surroundings are just some main differences of the two kinds of vacations.

Contingency approach of management Essays

Contingency approach of management Essays Contingency approach of management Essay Contingency approach of management Essay Contingency approach of management puts more concern on the changing circumstance, internal and external, formal and informal, thus it provides the opportunities to have to comprehensive over-view on the situation, and helps the management to choose appropriate actions adapting to or affecting environment. The contingency approach advocates selecting a management response from among various alternatives, based on the characteristics of the specific situation. It holds that the key to becoming a successful manager is the ability to diagnose a situation correctly. According to the contingency approach, the nature of the organizations environment, its size, its technology, the character of its markets, its legal charter, its personnel, and other factors not only confront the organization with problems but simultaneously offer opportunities. Thus organizations should adapt to situations. The contingency approach holds that different kinds of structures, rewards systems, and change strategies are appropriate responses to different situations. Another advantage of using the contingency approach comes from the recognition that an organizations environment is constantly changing. Managers must recognize and adapt to the changes occurring both inside and outside the organization. O14 Contingency approach suggests adapting different structure and system of management to the situations, but just as it stated, no best suitable model, even the contingency approach itself. This approach over emphasised on viability, while without taking many attention on the costs of managerial activities and system stability: The continual shifting among different structure and system of management will be time consuming and costly. Since organization participators develop their vested benefits throughout the management stage, and they will also tend to protect it form being reduced or rejected by changing circumstance. When a project team work is being carried out, department manager may worry about his appointed departmental tasks, thus hesitate to promote staffs involvement. The managerial level then has to spend time on smoothing conflicts and integrating cooperation. One reason may bring about different situations. For instance, job dissatisfaction, work delay or bad performance can all be caused by only a wrong managerial decision. Concentrating on the improvement methods of those different situations may mislead the manager to take appropriate actions (like job reallocation or coercive commanding), while forgetting the root problems. Unfortunately, his management modification can also greatly impact the stability of original system. Stability, as my point of view, is one of the basic elements which ensure the system to work effectively. As stated by Vecchio, the contingency approach emphasis on it depends, however, this does not mean to be evasive, but assuming that there is numerous of important dependencies and acknowledges that the statement of managerial behaviour must also be complex O15. A good structure and system of management must be evaluated by both effectiveness and efficiency. On the base of its inherent stable formation, it should not only be adapted to a considerable wide range of variability (which can be forecasted by the companys experience or expectancy), but also has the capacity of adapting to certain appropriate structure and system of management.

Funding Alternatives for City Hall Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Funding Alternatives for City Hall - Term Paper Example The city enjoys net capital assets of about 57.9 million dollars, general fund of about 14.4 million dollars and debts running up to 35.4 million dollars. According to the city’s financial statements, per capita income is about 1, 697 dollars. The city requires more finances to fund expansion plans, provide vital services and clear the outstanding debts. Several measures are being put in place to make good use of the available assets. Some of the vital projects at hand include; public works yard, city hall and a public safety building. The main areas of sourcing for finances are revenue bonds, general obligation bonds and limited general obligation bonds. The development objective is the drop in the challenges that the city faces and its causes through partnership approach that is harmonized by the city authorities. The first phase of the project was to conduct a survey which will provide a source of reference for the formulation of strategy by defining the various funding options, including an identification of the key components and actors for effective completion of the highlighted projects. Sustainable livelihoods are those that are built on a scheme that offer a way for survival without exposing the natural reserve base. In this regard, one of the strategic areas of focus of the city’s framework and the residents is transparent resource management. The program focuses on the city levels on improving management structures to make them more receptive to the needs of the people, reinforce participation of citizen and aid groups to relate more efficiently with authorities. The City of Maitland is faced with formidable challen ges of rapid urban growth, diminishing resources and increasing global competition, all of which result in the challenges within the city’s administration. Nonetheless, the authorities have demonstrated an inspiring level of elasticity and capacity to contain the challenges as a sign of good

The organizational redesign with information systems Essay

The organizational redesign with information systems - Essay Example From this research it is clear that within legal systems, an information system is a combination of hardware, software, procedures, policies, people, information and data which is involved in the management of a firm’s business legal functions with an aim of meeting organizational objectives and goals with efficiency and effectiveness. The hardware within information systems includes the physical aspects of the system such as computer components and the related equipment. The software is a set of applications that are used alongside the hardware to effectively perform organizational or business functions. The software applications in a legal setting include information processing systems, database packages, finance and accounting packages, anti malware applications, and word processing packages. The policies of a legal information system comprise of the set standards for proper management of the system according to the internal and universal norms of legal firms’ functi oning. Davison and Deeks assert that procedures in a legal information system are the steps through which various legal activities and processes within the systems should follow to ensure that efficiency is enhanced and thus achievement of high quality of legal services. In an information system, the people are the human resource and expertise who are involved in various organizational activities and processes. Therefore the employees in a legal firm including the lawyers and firm management are the people who are involved in the processing of information within the information system. Data or information is a significant aspect of an information system because it helps organization to function and survive in the business environment through its application to enhance all business processes and to compete favorably within the market. The data in a law firm include records of law processes, client information, evidence material, legal proceedings and financial data. Kadiyala and Klei ner (2005) say that examples of information systems applicable in a law firm include transaction processing systems which include as set of applications for the processing of the daily legal activities and processes of the firm. Decision supports systems are other examples of information systems that are important in the decision making process of law firms and thus serve as an essential tool for the management team. Management information systems are commonly used technologies which facilitate the management process of all functional areas of any firm as demonstrated by Broadbent and Weill (1999). Other information systems such as expert systems can be used in law firms to perform specialized functions analysis of legal scenarios that would help defense of prosecuting teams to come up with a solid argument during legal processing. Forbes Solicitors Forbes Solicitors offer legal services to both commercial and individual clients. The firm operates nine offices which are committed en tirely

Emerging Therapies for the Treatment of MS

Emerging Therapies for the Treatment of MS Currently, there are six new drugs that are being assessed by clinical scientists and some of these drugs have entered or completed phase 2 level and phase 3 level clinical trials. Three of these drugs are oral drugs and they include Lanquinimod, Teriflumomide and Di-methyl fumarate. The other three are monoclonal antibodies (mAb) namely Alemtuzumab, Daclizumab and Rituximab (Borrero et al, 2012). All of these drugs target the immune system in different ways but some of them still present with some side effects as well which are discussed below. Starting with Lanquinimod, it is an immunomodulator that is currently being trialled in patients with RRMS and SPMS. It has a very small recommended dose of 0.6 mg daily and it exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. These properties are believed to support the downregulation of MHC class II transcription factors, stimulation of neurotrophic factors, activation and up-regulation of the IL-4 pathway in CD4+ T cell for anti-inflammatory effects. It also promotes apoptosis in Cytotoxic T-cells (CD8+) and B-cells and also suppresses metabolism in CD14+ and natural killer cells (Thà ¶ne et al., 2016). It is currently undergoing Phase III trials and has resulted in 23% reduction in the rate of relapse of MS while there has been a 37% reduction in contrast enhancing lesions in volunteers (Borrero et al, 2012). Its side effect is only the upregulation of Liver Function Tests (LFTs) The second oral drug that is undergoing phase III clinical trials is Teriflunomide and it is being trialled for patients with RRMS and SPMS. Doses ranging from 7 to 14 mgs daily are recommended to be administered orally in patients. Its mode of action depends on sequestering the production of DNA pyrimidine bases by acting as an inhibitor for the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, which is essential in de novo pyrimidine synthesis in T and B cells that are rapidly dividing. This reduces any inflammation that wouldve been caused by those cells and thus immune suppression is achieved. According to Borrero et al, it has a success rate of 61% in reducing contrast enhancing lesions, a rate of 30% in reducing Annualized relapse rates (ARRs) and disability progression was observed to be reduced to 23-30%. Terfilunomidess side effects include Nasopharyngitis; which is the inflammation of the nasopharyngeal duct, diarrhoea, back pain, fatigue, hair thinning, influenza, Urinary Tract Infecti on (UTI), nausea and elevated LFTs (Borrero et al, 2012). The third oral drug is Di-methyl fumarate (DMF) or BG-12. It is also undergoing type III clinical trials for patients with RRMS. Its suggested dose is 120-24 mg three times a day. It has shown a decrease of 69% in contrast enhancing lesions in its phase II trial and its phase III trials have so far showed 53% reduction in ARR, 38% reduction in disability progression and in 2 years, by 49% (Borrero et al, 2012). Di-methyl fumarates mode of action is still being debated but it is believed that it can regulate oxidative pathways which may in turn affect other signalling pathways that are responsible for inducing tissue damage. Studies by Moharregh -Khiabani et al in 2009 showed that DMF had an inhibitory effect on the nuclear factor NFÃŽ ºB dependant, TNF ÃŽ ± induced gene transcription in endothelial cells. It is also believed that DMF can stimulate cells to secrete cytokines such as IL-10, IL-4 and IL_5 which have anti-inflammatory properties thus allowing a more Th2 focused response than a Th1 one (Wierinckx et al., 2005). Moreover, DMF is believed to have a neuroprotective therapeutic effect as well. This occurs as it causes an upregulation in the levels of the detoxification enzyme; NADPH but like other emerging drugs, it has side effects. These side effects include diarrhoea, cramps, elevated LFT, nausea and can cause flushing and in very rare cases, Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) (MS Society 2016). Other novel therapies include the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for the treatment of MS. As of now, there are three that are undergoing phase II and III trials respectively. Alemtuzumab is one such mAb that is in its phase III clinical trial for patients with RRMS and SPMS. Its recommended dosage is Intravenous infusion of 12- 24 mg daily for a course of 5 days every month if its a 1 year course and this can be increased to 24mg on the 12th month. Its mode of action is causing the destruction of circulating immune cells by binding on to CD52 on mature leukocytes which results in the lysis of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, eosinophils, NK cells, monocytes and macrophages as well (Hart and Bainbridge 2016). In phase III trials, it has so far shown up to 75% reduction in sustained accumulation disability and up to 74% reduction in relapse rate but has been associated with potentially increasing the risk of autoimmunity which included thyroiditis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpur a, autoimmune thyroid-related problems, Goodpastures syndrome and also, can cause flushing and headaches (Borrero et al, 2012) . As of yet, it has not been approved by the FDA as it is still undergoing trials but it is used as a medication for treating a form of blood cancer called B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) (FDA 2016). References https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anne_Wierinckx/publication/7750124_Detoxication_enzyme_inducers_modify_cytokine_production_in_rat_mixed_glial_cells/links/0c960534be656953a2000000/Detoxication-enzyme-inducers-modify-cytokine-production-in-rat-mixed-glial-cells.pdf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2724664/ http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1756285612450936 https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm082681.htm http://www.ajmc.com/journals/supplement/2016/cost-effectiveness-multiple-sclerosis/cost-effectiveness-multiple-sclerosis-current-emerging-treatment/P-3 https://www.mssociety.org.uk/what-is-ms/treatments-and-therapies/licensed-disease-modifying-drugs/Tecfidera

Physical books Essay

The answer to this question is a simple yes. We shall prove in our discussion why we have chosen this answer. With advances in technology the word ‘paper’ no longer implies a material made of cellulose pulp, derived mainly from wood. As we make further advances, we see that the definition of paper has changed. Physical books that were made of paper have morphed into digital copies called e-books that are available over various mediums of communication such as the Internet or even our very mobile phones. We know that everything has a certain shelf life and if continue to use it beyond that period we will cause ourselves harm, this is also true for physical paper books, time has come to move over the paper books and to enter the world of e-books. Two of the most important factors supporting the cause of the e-book are that it saves: 1. Time and 2. Money 1. Time: In this rapid moving world we are all constantly on the move and we require information immediately, with e-books we can find the information we want immediately. Money: We all want to save money; e-books will be available at only a fraction of the price of the paper books since it will be cheap for the publishers to produce and this benefit will in turn be passed on to the consumer. Reasons for decline of paper books and the popularity of e-books are obvious: 1. E-books can be view almost instantaneously: One can browse through the thousands of e-books available on the Internet by just typing the keywords and purchase the e-book we want by using our credit cards and download the e-book immediately, thus we are saving a lot of overhead costs. 2. E-books cheaper for the publisher to publish as various overhead costs are minimized: Various overheads costs such as huge and expensive printing machinery and their maintenance will disappear; also there will not be need of a large work force to manufacture e-books. 3. E-books cheaper for the consumer to purchase than physical paper books: Since the manufacturing costs of the publishers will be minimized, this will be passed down to the consumer. Thus the consumer will enjoy great savings. 4. E-books can reach a much larger audience worldwide: E-books can be launched instantaneously through out the world; there will be no waiting to buy our copy of the e-book. Also many times a physical paper book is not available in all parts of the world, but this will not be a problem with e-books. 5. E-books are environment friendly: Unlike physical books made from paper, which is derived from timber, e-books don’t need the resources of nature to be made. Thus we will be saving thousands of trees every year and thus reducing the greenhouse effect and making the earth a green place to live in. 6. We can have thousands e-books in our digital device: We can literally have thousands of e-books in our digital device such as a laptop or a computer. The number of e-books is only limited by the storage capacity of our computer or laptop. This is impossible with physical paper books. Can you imagine a person moving around with a library of paper books? But we can move around with our library of e-books on our laptop anywhere! Conclusion: We as humans should be ready to accept the change of books from the physical to the virtual. Are we truly ready to leave the paper copies of the great novels and instead view them as e-books? Some have even said that if we do this we’ll be disrespecting the great authors and poets, but as we wait, the world around us rapidly changing. In the end we may have no choice but to accept the e-book as it gains popularity and following every passing day. This it’s only a matter of time before the paper books are replaced by e-books. Thus we have observed and noted from the above examples that the books made of paper are on their way out and the time of the e-book has arrived. (Sam Kleinman 2007) Works Cited 1. ZATZ Publishing (2007) Print books vs. e-books by Sam Kleinman, page 1[last updated 2007] [Online] Available from: 2. ZATZ Publishing (2007) ZATZ Publishing (2007) Print books vs. e-books by Sam Kleinman, page 2 [last updated 2007] [Online] Available from:

Antigone: an Assessment of Antigone’s and Creon Essay

How was your understanding of cultural and contextual considerations of the work developed through the interactive oral? After taking part in the interactive oral presentation carried out by Sonia’s group, I now believe that I have gained a much greater understanding of the play Antigone. Themes commented on by the presentation were women, religion and tragedy; further examining their place in society at the time the play was written by contrasting it to society today. Obstacles hindering my understanding of the play, including its time and setting, have been removed. After comparing so vividly the society of Ancient Greece and that of the one I live in, I can now empathize with Antigone and the rest of the characters in the play, consequently broadening my understanding of the hard times that they had to endure. Many of the issues regarding women, religion and politics in the country during the period were observed in Sophocles’ Antigone, clearly displaying their importance. The contemporary issues that shaped the play deserve further exploration. Women’s roles in ancient Greek society were shockingly different in comparison to that of today. Before the presentation, I was aware of some differences between their society and ours but I was unaware that they were so extreme. Although she seems extremely negative and erratic, Ismene was shown to be a leading example of a woman at the time – the first difference between their society and ours. Although she is elevated in society she doesn’t hear about anything important – â€Å"No one has told me anything, Antigone, I have heard nothing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Before the presentation, the irrelevant positions of women were unknown to me. As well as seen to be worthless, women were also presented as being a negative influence on men – â€Å"Don’t let any woman ensnare you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  was Creon’s advice to Haemon, displaying the general consensus on women. We examined Creon’s motives, prospecting that if Antigone weren’t a wom an, would the punishment be the same? Another important theme that was brought to my attention during the interactive oral presentation was that of religion. The religious laws in this time and country were incredibly significant. This society’s view on religion is a major influence in the play Antigone. It would have affected how the people in the country (the characters in the play) acted and what they thought, a large contrast to today. The themes examined by Antigone would have been incredibly shocking to the original audience as they were the social norms. After being informed, I was then able to make connections in the text, as to why certain things were said and insinuated about being rewarded in the afterlife and why specific acts were committed – all under the influence of religion. Prior to the presentation, I was completely uninformed as to the religion and many other cultural aspects of Ancient Greece. Antigone: An Assessment of Antigone’s and Creon’s Deeply Held Beliefs and Views On Familial and State Responsibilities In his play Antigone, Sophocles explores the ethical integrity of familial and state ties through the opposing viewpoints and beliefs of the central characters, Antigone and Creon. By pitching these two individuals against each other, Sophocles also successfully reveals the raw and multi-faceted nature of humanity. The tragic consequences that conclude Antigone emphasize the deadly differences between each character’s views on the unwritten duty towards family and the binding laws of the city-state, a conflict that would very likely be less of an issue in modern society. Sophocles promotes Antigone’s character, as she is the traditional protagonist of the play. By doing so, Sophocles succeeds in building the audience’s compassion towards her. The audience is influenced therefore, through this empathy created towards Antigone, to view Creon’s ethical actions as being less moral than her own. However, it must be added that Creon’s points of view and actions can nevertheless also be justified. By studying the destiny of each character, and how each of their fates come to pass, one can get a clearer understanding of how and why Sophocles influences the audience into favoring Antigone and her domestic role, rather than Creon and his cold inflexibility. The contrasting views and principles that drive each character deserve assessment as the opposing passions driving each of them, lead to the play’s tragic, dramatic and poignant conclusion. Sophocles brings to life the characters of Antigone and Creon, developing for each, a sense of responsibility and a set of morals, which clash dramatically with the opposite character’s. By pitting these two characters against one another, Sophocles not only successfully contrasts the ethical views of each, but also cleverly exposes the true face of humanity. Antigone is placed as both lead character and heroine of the play, as she holds a domestic, reasoned and more acceptable stance; any audience would name her as heroine. A.E. Haigh, author of ‘An analysis of the play by Sophocles – The Tragic Drama of the Greeks’ clearly states that Antigone lives a more familial motivated lifestyle, saying, â€Å"Antigone, however, seems to have been of a more domestic type.†1 Antigone’s resilient, and somewhat egotistical, feeling of responsibility toward family is what drives her to publicly violate Creon’s new decree and to question his judgment on, and knowledge of, divine law. Antigone does this without question, so deep is her respect of the gods over the state. She clearly feels more obligated towards her religious responsibilities and ties than anything else. This somewhat defiant character believes that the gods alone determine her fate; she will do whatever is necessary to appease them. â€Å"I shall die in the knowledge that I have acted justly. What greater satisfaction than that †¦ We have too little time to waste it on men, and the laws they make. The approval of the dead is everlasting, and I shall bask in it as I lie among them.†2. Here Antigone’s use of language shocks the audience as she has clearly prioritized her existence in accepting death and rejecting mortal life. This strong and deeply held belief drives Antigone to stand by her familial responsibilities with steely determination and to perform the burial rights for her deceased brother that were callously denied him by Creon. Her acceptance of death shocks the audience as it almost seems as if she desires it. She remains certain throughout the play that the gods will reward her devotion and her heroic actions in the afterlife. Although she says differently, it appears that Antigone also strives for public acclaim in Thebes. When Ismene mentions that she won’t inform anyone of Antigone’s plans, Antigone responds strongly, â€Å"Don’t you dare! You must tell everybody, shout it in the streets.† This rebellious response from Antigone seems to indicate that her actions are not only divinely, but also somewhat egotistically motivated. The second central character, Creon, shares Antigone’s determinism in abiding by principles and beliefs. However, contrary to Antigone, Creon remains certain that humans can in fact dictate the moral laws of society and that the state should and can handle its own matters by asking, â€Å"Is it likely, remotely likely that the gods will think twice over that stinking pile of meat?† Rather than fearing the immortal gods and their unwritten laws, Creon strives to uphold those of man and of state. His stubborn punishment of Antigone, a woman whose only desire is to bury her brother, shows a lack of respect and contempt for all family values and ties. Although Creon could justify his actions as being those required of a king, it is evident that they are too extreme. G.H. Gellie in ‘Sophocles: A Reading’ states, â€Å"He reminds us repeatedly of the physical nastiness of the [body’s] exposure †¦ We are made to feel in our stomachs that this is no way to treat the body of a human being.†3 Any empathy that the audience may have felt towards Creon quickly vanishes at this point in the play. However, this is somewhat redressed later when, ironically he loses his family members: his wife and son. Throughout Antigone, Creon appears to be unable to grasp the key traits of ruling and living in an ethical society. This is evident when he states, â€Å"I’ve just seen her inside in fury, not like someone in full control of her senses. The heart of one who weaves wickedness in darkness is usually convicted beforehand. I, for my part, hate anyone caught in the act who tries to beautify his crimes thereupon.†2 Statements of this nature show Creon’s cold and callous assessments of the morally upright Antigone – the effect on the audience is unambiguous: One can feel nothing but disdain for such a harsh and unfeeling character. It is Creon’s own rules and regulations that publicly expose his apparent lack of respect for family values and duties. This is evident when he introduces his new decree, stating that Polynices cannot be buried. Creon’s secondary flaw is that he continually acts on his own self interest. His motivations are driven by his selfishness and not by the opinions or interest of his people. Egotistical traits such as these are neither honorable nor wise for a successful ruler. Creon’s son, Haemon, challenges his father, informing him that he neglects to serve the people of Thebes and fails to pay attention to their cries. He argues, â€Å"How the city weeps for this girl, says she’s the least worthy of all women to die so badly for such noble deeds.†2 Creon responds, with an outrageous outburst, displaying his arrogance through his strong views. He asks, â€Å"The city will tell me how I ought to rule it? †¦ Isn’t the city thought to be her rul er’s?†2 His blatantly conceited claims, coupled with his unconcealed disregard for fair judgment, build tension towards a seemingly inevitable clash with Antigone, who is filled with equal tenacity but whose views are diametrically opposed to his. The viewpoints of each character can be interpreted as quite ironic and at odds: Although Antigone strives to defend family values by violating the state’s laws, she remains a prominent and functioning member of Theban society. Likewise, even though Creon remains a loving husband and father, his ability to completely disregard familial ties in support of state laws is shocking. As the two are directly opposed, it is interesting to see how the characters cope in the same culture. Antigone and Creon are of such determined characters, that the irony considering each of their particular devotions to family and state becomes even more alarming. Antigone appears the most ethical of the two as she is willing to risk her life over her decision to uphold family rights; Creon can also appear morally just, because, as king, he is motivated solely by his duty to serve Thebes. It could also be argued that neither Creon nor Antigone are wrong in their convictions: they are two sides that are simply conflicting. As the two protagonists stubbornly remain true to their deeply held beliefs and responsibilities, they are driven to make decisions that ultimately lead to their mutual destruction. This destruction in itself demonstrates the ethical validations of both Antigone’s and Creon’s opposing characters. As well as highlighting the problems with society at that time, Sophocles through the characters of Antigone and Creon, reveals the true face of humanity, in all its ugliness. Sophocles cleverly manipulates the emotions of his audience in order to expose humanity’s true nature. G.H. Gellie identifies the depth of the audience’s feelings when he says that we feel this response â€Å"in our stomachs†3 Our response is almost instinctive: we cannot help but react deeply in this way. Sophocles successfully plays with our emotions and makes us feel outraged. Although Creon’s flaws reflect the flaws of humanity, Antigone herself is not without flaws. Like her king, Antigone demonstrates strong opinions and, at times, acts in her own interest. She passionately defies the state’s dominance over domestic values. These obstinate principles are what lead Antigone down the path of destruction, glorified nonetheless. Sophocles portrays Antigone’s reasons, as being nobler than Creon’s who is profoundly selfish and possesses a frightening persistence to carry out his brutal deed. Tiresias, another character, provides an omen when he sternly warns king to be more understanding and to consider the impact of what he is doing, â€Å"You don’t protect it when you trample the honors of the gods!†2 Haemon and the chorus also warn the king, impartially informing him that his actions may not be as ethical as he imagines they are. Each character’s warnings are disregarded, amid wild accusations of bribery and foul play. Consequently, the audience is encouraged to feel less sympathy for Creon than they do for Antigone, a woman whose only desire is to bury her slain brother. Antigone is prepared to lose her life trying to uphold family values and feels she has no choice but to accept her fate. On the other hand, after pleas from numerous characters, Creon repeatedly fails to see sense and strives to avoid his dark fate. To conclude, in the play Antigone, the catastrophic conflict of beliefs that occurred between family and state in ancient Thebes is carefully demonstrated in the disastrous events that take place. Questions of morality and duty are challenged throughout the play as the two central characters, Antigone and Creon, clash violently in their battle to uphold the views they so diligently and resolutely stand behind. The views and deeply held beliefs of Antigone and Creon are of key significance in the play; they are what drive the plot to its tragic conclusion. However, they are not simply the driving force of the play, but the vehicle through which Sophocles exposes the many facets of humanity: its beauty and its ugliness. Through the tragic events that conclude the story, Sophocles was likely indicating that an amalgamation of the two characters’ contrasting approaches would be the best way to operate in ancient Greek society. Bibliography 1. An analysis of the play by Sophocles – The Tragic Drama of the Greeks – A.E. Haigh -Oxford: Clarendon Press 1896 2. Sophocles – Antigone 3. Sophocles: A Reading – G. H. Gellie – Melbourne University Press 1972